A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management Free Essays

A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management Introduction: This article explores the plethora of literature available on CRM and relationship marketing and emphasizes the need for a single, process-based framework that helps in making a comprehensive CRM strategy followed by its successful implementation. The objective is to highlight CRM’s role in enhancing customer value and, in turn the shareholder value. Various CRM and marketing experts, who provide their views in the article, emphasize the need for a cross-functional, process-oriented approach which identifies three alternative perspectives of CRM within a holistic organizational context. We will write a custom essay sample on A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now They try to identify five key cross-functional CRM processes starting from a strategy development process, followed by value creation process, multichannel integration process, an information management process, and in the end performance assessment process. Based on these 5 pillars, they put forward a new conceptual framework specifying the roles and functions associated with each element in the framework. Summary: CRM is a strategic approach that is concerned with creating improved shareholder value through the development of appropriate relationships with key customers and customer segments. There is a need to develop relationship marketing strategies and IT architecture to create profitable, long-term relationships with customers and other key stakeholders. The article is organized mainly in three parts. Firstly, it explores the three alternative perspectives of CRM. Secondly, it considers the need for a cross-functional process-based approach to CRM where the strategists develop criteria for process selection and identify the five key CRM processes. Next, they propose a strategic conceptual framework that is constructed of these five processes followed by the examination of the components of each process. Hence, CRM can be defined with three perspectives forming a continuum. At one corner is the narrowly and tactically defined particular technology solution, followed by wide-ranging technology (customer oriented IT and Internet), and customer centric approach (holistic approach emphasizing creation of shareholder value) as we move towards right at the other end of the continuum. Processes are the backbone of any initiative or a framework. Absence of a strategic framework for CRM is one reason for the disappointing results associated with many CRM initiatives. The strategic perspective starts with reviewing the following four process selection criteria for marketing and business processes which are now augmented by 2 new additional suggestions. 1)The processes should comprise a small set that addresses tasks critical to the achievement of an organization’s goals. 2)Each process should contribute to the value creation process. 3) Each process should be at a strategic or macro level. 4)The processes need to manifest clear interrelationships. 5) New: Each process should be cross functional in nature. 6)New. Each process would be considered by experienced practitioners as being both logical. The refining of CRM strategy can start with the interaction research as interaction and communication play a crucial role in the various stages of research. It consists of interaction with various executives, meetings and group discussion with emphasis on testing concepts, new ideas, and results. On the other hand, the process identification and CRM framework creation begins with identification of generic CRM processes which are used by an expert panel of experienced CRM executives. The resultant five generic processes are: the strategy development process, the value creation process, the multichannel integration process, the information management process, and finally the performance assessment process. These five key generic CRM processes help form a preliminary conceptual framework which is continuously improved for better business results and increased share value. Next are the business/customer strategy and the value creation processes. The business strategy process can commence with a review of a company’s vision and its relation to the CRM model. It is followed by the review of the industrial and competitive environment. Here the traditional industry analysis is augmented by more contemporary approaches for deeper environmental analysis and the understanding the impact of disruptive technologies. Customer strategy on the other hand, deals with CRM perspective which requires a cross functional approach, especially when different departments are involved in strategy development. Other important facets are information management process and performance assessment. Information management is concerned with the collection, integration and use of customer data and information from all processes. It involves managing assets like the data repository, IT systems and analysis tools. Data repository provides a corporate memory of all customers. Systems include the organization’s computer hardware, software, middleware IT, front office and back office applications like SFA and call center management. Lastly, analysis tools support many activities involved in interfacing directly with customers with technologies like data mining. The article also talks about Multichannel Integration process, which takes into account the combinations of different channels with customer interaction perspective. It takes the outputs of the business strategy and value creation processes and translates them into value-adding activities with customers. It ensures that the customer experiences remains highly positive within those channels. Analysis: Even though, there has been enough emphasis on the cross-functional, process-based CRM strategy framework that aims to help companies, it is mostly based on large industrial companies and not the small and medium sized companies. I agree with the views that the size and complexity of such enterprises are most likely to post big CRM challenges, but small scale initiatives should be considered as well. I concur with objective of the article which deals with a process-based conceptual framework and cross functional approach for strategic CRM model. Also, I agree with argument which has been put forward again and again in the article for the need of an acceptable definition that encompasses all facets. The framework proposed in the article is just a beginner’s model, yet a potentially useful starting point for the development of improved insight into these aspects of CRM theory. But according to me, because of the changing scenarios and fickle nature of market there is still a need for delimiting the domain, agreeing on a definition for CRM, and building a research agenda. I would like to add that certainly there is a need for measure and control the CRM performance. But, at the same time traditional approach for performance measurement systems will not be suitable for cross functional CRM. There have been new initiatives like balanced scorecard which enables a wide range of metrics designs. It consists of shareholder results and performance monitoring. Ideally, it should reflect the performance standards necessary across the five major processes to ensure that CRM activities are planned and practiced effectively and that a feedback loop exists to maximize performance improvement and organizational learning. The article also explores the multiple channels, such as field sales forces, Internet, direct mail, telephony, traditional television, e-commerce and m-commerce, including e-mail to interact with its customers. For example, making use of e-commerce opportunities and the fundamental economic characteristics of the Internet can enable a much deeper level of segmentation granularity than is affordable in most other channels. With the advent of Internet, interactive digital television, mobile telephony and text messaging, wireless application protocol, and 3G mobile services can be utilized in this field. The challenge lies in the ability of strategy to uphold the same high standards across different channels enhancing customer experiences. As far as associated value goes, I believe that outputs of the strategy development process leads to programs that both extract and deliver value and maximizes the lifetime value of desirable customer segments. It includes determining what value the company can provide to its customer along with what value the company can receives from its customers. These value propositions include the relationship among the performance of the product, the fulfillment of the customer’s needs, and the total cost to the customer over the customer relationship life cycle. Like any other initiative, measurement is an integral part through the use of the metrics. The performance assessment sees that the organization’s strategic aims in terms of CRM are in alignment with the acceptable standard and that a basis for future improvement is established. Conclusion: Often, the organizations are plagued by the lack of a widely accepted and appropriate definition of CRM along with the failure to recognize its constitution. This can lead to the failure of a CRM project as this way the organization views CRM from a limited technology perspective or undertakes CRM on a fragmented basis. The plethora of information requires a cross-functional integration of processes, people, operations, and marketing capabilities that is enabled through information, technology and applications. The options provided in the article explore the opportunities like cross-selling and up-selling to acquire or strengthen customer database. To ensure that technology solutions support CRM, it is important to conduct IT planning from the perspective of providing a seamless customer service rather than planning for functional or product-centered departments and activities. On the organization’s front, the focus is on increasing customer lifetime value by determining the variation in potential customer profitability across different customer segments along with the prepositions like customer acquisition and customer retention. How to cite A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management, Essay examples

Robert Burns Woodward Essay Example For Students

Robert Burns Woodward Essay Robert Burns Woodward was born in Boston on April 10th, 1917, the only child of Margaret and Arthur Woodward, of English antecedents. Roberts father Arthur died in October of 1918, at an early age of only thirty-three years old. Robert Woodward was attracted to chemistry at a very early age, and indulged his taste for the science in private activities throughout the period of his primary and secondary education in the public schools of Quincy, a suburb of Boston. In 1933, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which they excluded him because f inattention to formal studies at the end of the Fall term in 1934. The Institute authorities generously allowed him to re-enroll in the Fall term of 1935, and he took the degrees of Bachelor of Science in 1936 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1937. Since that time he has been associated with Harvard University, as Postdoctoral Fellow (1937-1938), Member of the Society of Fellows (1938-1940), Instructor in Chemistry (1941-1944), Assistant Professor (1944-1946), Associate Professor (1946-1950), Professor (1950- 1953), Morris Loeb Professor of Chemistry (1953-1960), and Donner Professor of Science since 1960. After all of these things that he did, its no wonder why he was on his way to a Nobel prize in the near future. In 1963 he assumed direction of the Woodward Research Institute at Basel. In 1965 was when he recieved his Nobel prize for his outstanding achievments in organic synthesis. His studies brought knowledge to the world and opened doors for later scientists that were in his field of organic synthesis. He was a member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1966-1971), nd he was a Member of the Board of Governors of the Weizmann Institute of Science. Robert Woodward has been very fortunate, (which was a little unusual), in the outstanding personal qualities and scientific capabilities of a large proportion of his more than two hundred and fifty collaborators in Cambridge, and latterly in Basel, of whom more than half have assumed academic positions. He has also on numerous occasions enjoyed exceptionally stimulating and fruitful collaboration with fellow-scientists in laboratories other than his own. His interests in chemistry are wide, but the main arena of his first-hand engagement has been the investigation of natural products, or organic chemistry a domain he regards as endlessly fascinating in itself, and one which presents unlimited and unparalleled opportunities for the discovery, testing, development and refinement of general principles. Professor Woodward holds more than twenty honorary degrees of which only a few I listed here: D. Sc. Wesleyan University, 1945; D. Sc. Harvard University, 1957; D. Sc. University of Cambridge (England), 1964; D. Sc. Brandeis University, 1965; D. Sc. Israel Institute of Technology (Haifa), 1966; D. Sc. University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1968;D. Sc. University de Louvain (Belgium), 1970. Some of the awards presented to him I listed here: John Scott Medal (Franklin Institute and City of Philadelphia), 1945; Backeland Medal (North Jersey Section of the American Chemical Society), 1955; Davy Medal (Royal Society), 1959; Roger Adams Medal (American Chemical Society), 1961; Pius XI Gold Medal (Pontifical Academy of Sciences), 1969; National Medal of Science (United States of America), 1964; Willard Gibbs Medal (Chicago Section of the American Chemical Society), 1967; Lavoisier Medal (Society Chimique de France), 1968; The Order of the Rising Sun, Second Class (His Majesty the Emperor of Japan), 1970; Hanbury Memorial Medal (The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain), 1970; Pierre Brnylants Medal (University de Louvain), 1970. Robert Woodward is a member of the National Academy of Sciences; Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Honorary Member of the German Chemical .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a , .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .postImageUrl , .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a , .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:hover , .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:visited , .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:active { border:0!important; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:active , .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7fca8fa4a4c9e20e2059bf56b8995a9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photosynthesis EssaySociety; Honorary Fellow of The Chemical Society; Foreign Member of the Royal Society; Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy; Corresponding Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences; Member of the American Philosophical Society; Honorary Member of the Belgian Chemical Society; Honorary Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences; Honorary Member of the Swiss Chemical Society; Member of the Deutsche Academe der Naturforscher (Leopoldina); Foreign Member of the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei; Honorary Fellow of the Weizmann Institute of Science; Honorary Member of he Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. Robert Woodwards marriages include Irja Pullman in 1938, who he later divorced, and then married Eudoxia Muller in 1946. He has three daughters: Siiri Anne (b. 1939), Jean Kirsten (b. 1944), and Crystal Elisabeth (b. 1947), and a son, Eric Richard Arthur (b. 1953). Organic Chemistry and the Modern Era Organic chemistry developed extensively in the 19th cent. , prompted in part by Friedrich Wohlers synthesis of urea (1828), which disproved the belief that only living organisms could produce organic molecules. Other important organic chemists include Justus von Liebig, C. A. Wurtz, and J. B. Dumas. In 1852 Edward Frankland introduced the idea of valency (see valence), and in 1858 F. A. Kekule showed that carbon atoms are tetravalent and are linked together in chains. Kekules ring structure for benzene opened the way to modern theories of organic chemistry. Henri Louis Le Chtelier, J. H. vant Hoff, and Wilhelm Ostwald pioneered the application of thermodynamics to chemistry. Further contributions were the phase rule of J. W. Gibbs, the ionization equilibrium theory f S. A. Arrhenius, and the heat theorem of Walther Nernst. Ernst Fischers work on the amino acids marks the beginning of molecular biology. At the end of the 19th cent. , the discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson and of radioactivity by A. E. Becquerel revealed the close connection between chemistry and physics. The work of Ernest Rutherford, H. G. J. Moseley, and Niels Bohr on atomic structure (see atom) was applied to molecular structures. G. N. Lewis, Irving Langmuir, and Linus Pauling developed the electronic theory of chemical bonds, directed valency, nd molecular orbitals (see molecular orbital theory). Transmutation of the elements, first achieved by Rutherford, has led to the creation of elements not found in nature; in work pioneered by Glenn Seaborg elements heavier than uranium have been produced. With the rapid development of polymer chemistry after World War II a host of new synthetic fibers and materials have been added to the market. A fuller understanding of the relation between the structure of molecules and their properties has allowed chemists to tailor predictively new materials to meet specific needs.

Implementing Effective Electronic Archiving and the implementation Challenges from an IT Perspective

Introduction In the world today, most organizations are faced with a variety of issues related to creation and retention of information, primarily brewed by the greatly growing electronic information volumes, complex regulatory and rigid constraints, and storage issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Implementing Effective Electronic Archiving and the implementation Challenges from an IT Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Extant literature demonstrates that as contemporary organizations continue to rely more and more on electronic technology to generate, process, store, communicate, and use information in their everyday engagements, the volume of the records being created in electronic format continue to increase exponentially (Lin et al, 2003), as is the need to urgently address the issue of how these large volumes of electronic data could be electronically archived for future use (Abbot, 200 2). Yet, a strand of existing literature (e.g. Abbot, 2002; Philips, 2001) demonstrates that most organizations continue to be held back by an intricate web of challenges in their attempt to implement an effective electronic archival infrastructure, with most of the challenges resonating along the continuum of technological limitations, monetary constraints, and skills shortages. The present paper seeks to illuminate critical knowledge on how modern-day organizations can go about implementing an effective electronic archiving infrastructure to preserve their electronic records, as well as the challenges that these organizations can possibly face during implementation. In addition, the paper will address some germane issues which could assist organizations circumvent the challenges and lay the framework for the implementation of a successful electronic archiving infrastructure. While electronic archiving is relatively new as a retention technique in the business scene, organizations operating in the 21st century have no option than to embrace it if they are to remain competitive and results-oriented. Understanding Electronic Archiving from an Information Technology Perspective Seadle (2006) cited in Moghaddam (2008) notes that the word ‘archiving’ refers to the integrated â€Å"†¦process of storing physical objects, generally though not exclusively paper-based, in a physical location, such as a room or a building, to maintain that object’s physical integrity and its intellectual context as could be represented by other objects within an archive† (p. 84).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Electronic archiving, however, is marginally associated with physical objects and physical storage as it utilizes emerging information and communications technologies (ICTs) to preserve large volumes of data in virtual environments (Ashkhoj et al, 2011). Consequently, electronic archiving delineates â€Å"†¦all activities employed to ensure continued access to digital resources which have retained properties of authenticity, integrity and functionality† (Moghaddam, 2008, p. 84). As noted in the literature, computer science, or more specifically the computer-based information technology, acts as the core framework or facilitator to electronic archiving, not only due to its capacity to connect nations globally but also its efficiency in ensuring that ideas are shared easily and effectively (Laha, 2011; Castell, 1999). Implementing Effective Electronic Archiving Infrastructure IT-based support environments for electronic archiving, also known as digital preservation, have complex multifaceted nature and scope involving not only the technological facets making up the infrastructure, but also the social, cultural, and behavioural characteristics which to a large extent inform the needs and aspirations of respective org anizations and their employees (Laha, 2011). The intersection between technological aspects of the electronic archiving on the one hand and the sociocultural and behavioural aspects of the enterprise and its workers on the other is therefore a fundamental aspect of any effective implementation of the infrastructure. For instance, organizations that make immense investments to put in place a state-of-the-art electronic archiving system without taking the initiative to train its workers on the use and functionality of the system will possibly fail to reap the benefits accruing from the infrastructure, such as reduced operational costs as well as ensuring the safety and integrity of the electronic documents held in such an infrastructure (Stamatiadis, 2005). It therefore follows that such organizations cannot remain competitive. An effective infrastructure in electronic archiving needs to be implemented in such a manner that the global communication needs of the relevant stakeholders w ill be sufficiently met Consequently, it is imperative for the information technology (IT) component of the organization to develop programs that not only ensure universal utilization across the global landscape, but facilitate adequate communication regarding business issues and project a structured system of information sharing (Castell, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Implementing Effective Electronic Archiving and the implementation Challenges from an IT Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To effectively implement an electronic archiving system, the IT component of the organization must also ensure that corporate intellectual property rights are well safeguarded to curb potential litigation effects (Laha, 2011). Indeed, it is imperative to note that the legal penalties associated with intellectual property rights may bring undesirable ramifications to the organizations, such as susta ined losses and bankruptcy. It is necessary to underline the fact that bankrupt enterprises cannot retain their competitiveness in the market. More important, organizations intending to implement an effective electronic archiving infrastructure need to put in place a team that would spearhead the process and ensure that all technological and legal requirements are met (Garie Chartelaine, 2009). As noted by Sprague (2005), it is important to adequately satisfy the technological requirements of the project, such as investing in the latest software and hardware, as the electronic archiving infrastructure is predominantly embedded in an IT-enabled framework. This implies that the choice of technology to be used will ultimately determine the value of the infrastructure, and if the investment made will influence the competitiveness of the organization in the market. This assertion is reinforced by Stamatiadis (2005), who suggests that organizations that compromise on their technological requirements by installing low-cost, low-utility devices and software only have themselves to blame when such infrastructure leads to loss of business, unsatisfactory clients, loss of critical information and other operational predicaments occasioned by limitations in technology. The adequate satisfaction of legal requirements is critically important to guarantee that the implementation of the electronic archiving infrastructure does not in any way breach legal statutes and regulations prescribed in any given country (Garrie Chartelaine, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is only through team involvement that inter-country regulations and statutes can be established, and standardization and stabilization processes instituted to ensure that the organization is able to develop one infrastructure that could be used in multiple countries where the organization has business interests. Standardization and stabilization of processes, according to the literature, is bound to reduce legal suits and conflicts of interests, while fostering understanding and promoting effective communication in all parts of the world (Laha, 2011; Abbot, 2002; Garrie Chartelaine, 2009). Here, it should be remembered that legal suits occasioned by non-compliance drain organizational financial and non-financial resources, which may ultimately lead to insolvency or bankruptcy. When working with the team, the IT component of the team should put in mind the fact that electronic archiving is a long term project (Seadle, 2010), and that there is need to constantly monitor and revise the entire infrastructure (Lin et al, 2003). Consequently, IT representatives from different countries should be summoned from time to time so that an evaluation on the performance of the infrastructure in their countries can be done. This will inarguably assist in making amendments that will result to superior performance of the electronic archiving infrastructure (Garrie Chartelaine, 2009), a predisposition that is also likely to trigger the formation of a results-oriented organization that is keen on sustaining its competitive acumen in the market (Seadle, 2010). The individual components of the infrastructure that is to be put in place have to be considered independently of each other, rather than putting emphasis on the whole system (Lin et al, 2003). For example, when coming up with the components that are needed to send an email, it is mandatory for IT technicians to ensure that reception can occur throughout the world rather than having different settings for different cou ntries. However, there exists the possibility that a certain region in the world may not have the capacity to receive some services due to settings problems. With this in mind, it is the responsibility of the IT component of the organization and the IT representatives in different countries to develop network connection systems that allow for access of information at the lowest possible network connectivity (Garrie Chartelaine, 2009; Ashkhoj, 2011). Such an arrangement, according to these authors, will deal with the need to constantly upgrade systems that are in use in order to access information. Here, it is important to note that it is a costly affair for the organization to engage in a type of infrastructure that will require constant upgrading when manpower resources and finances to purchase the software are put into consideration (Lin et al, 2003). According to Geoffrey (2004), a technical team should be in place all the time to ensure that there is no problem with any compone nt of the infrastructure, which may ultimately lead to destabilization of services. It is the responsibility of the technical team to constantly monitor the infrastructure through the many IT programs under its disposal (Rosenau Singh, 2002). Therefore, according to Shailendra et al (2002), it is important to have a technical team in place so that in case of any problems, the necessary changes can be made so that various businesses can proceed smoothly. Such an arrangement, in my view, is instrumental not only in shaping the tenets of a results-oriented organization but also in ensuring the enterprise remains ahead of its competitors. Obstacles to the Implementation of an Effective Electronic Archiving Infrastructure Although many organizations and institutions of learning have succeeded in establishing effective electronic archiving infrastructure (Abbot, 2002), the area is still faced with a myriad of implementation and operational challenges. Available literature demonstrates th at it is often a difficult task for IT experts to develop an infrastructure that will ensure universal utilization of the archived electronic materials due to the differences in rules and regulations that govern certain actions in various countries across the world (Lin et al, 2003). This problem may be further compounded by reception challenges, encountered due to differences in latitude (Geoffrey, 2004). The huge volume of data that is expected to be held and managed by the infrastructure has put considerable strain on available technologies. Indeed, some of the information to be archived, such as bank data, is very sensitive to be entrusted to a number of shaky digital archiving solutions found in the market. However, this does not mean that there are no genuine solutions for extremely sensitive data; rather, the market is abuzz with complex electronic archiving solutions such as the systems used to preserve scientific electronic journals (Moghaddam, 2008), but the cost is way be yond reach to some small and mid-range organizations as well as the majority of start-ups (Seadle, 2010). Consequently, financial constraints become another impediment toward the implementation of an effective electronic archiving infrastructure. According to Koontz (2008), the technicalities involved in installing and implementing such an infrastructure are way beyond reach for a many small-scale and medium-range enterprises. Lack of education, adequate training on the used of IT-oriented systems, and lack of awareness, not only continue to water down the gains that could have already been made in this sphere but also acts as impediments to the successful uptake of technology to serve the needs and aspirations of the organization (Lin et al, 2003; Seadle, 2010). For a project of this magnitude and scope to be implemented effectively, organizations need to train their workers as well as clients about its operational functionalities, and how it could be used to stimulate profitabilit y and competitiveness of the organization. In this context, organizations need to appropriate adequate resources to the training of their key personnel and partners in an attempt to ensure that investments in electronic archiving infrastructure diametrically trigger organizational results and competitiveness. Additionally, it is important to note that the solutions offered by electronic archiving infrastructure are beyond technology alone; rather, available literature demonstrates that when workers are introduced to a powerful technology, an intricate and emergent interplay between the workers behavioural characteristics and the operational functionalities provided by the new technology takes place (Laha, 2011), thus the need for organizations to conduct adequate training and awareness on the use of such systems for profitability and competitiveness. Stamatiadis (2005) is of the opinion that â€Å"†¦digital archives face specific challenges linked to physical storage media as well as hardware and software longevity† (p. 56). For instance, some of the software used in electronic archiving may become obsolete due to the limitation of time, thus making information or data stored using such software to become useless due to failure decode it after a long storage period. Consequently, organizations need to assume a cautious position when investing in electronic hardware and software to ensure that they do not lose critical data through embracing time-constrained technology. Conclusion The present discussion has oscillated around how organizations can implement effective electronic archiving infrastructure, and the obstacles that come into play while engaging in such an exercise. Additionally, some solutions to the obstacles have been mentioned. It is evident that organizations today, more than ever before, need to embrace an effective electronic archiving infrastructure to promote organizational growth and competitiveness while curtailing any scenarios that may either lead to loss of data or compromise the authenticity and integrity of critical information. The onus, in my view, lies in the organizations’ capacity to be able to catapult their IT departments into action, and availing the needed resources to them to necessitate the development of a blueprint which could then be used to implement such a system. Many organizations have already invested in this technology, and a majority takes pride in the operational functionalities which could be brought into the organizational culture and processes through the adoption and implementation of electronic archiving infrastructure. To remain competitive and results-oriented, therefore, modern-day organizations have no option than to embrace the new technology. Reference List Abbot, B. (2002). Electronic renaissance: Rebirth, Renewal and Reinvention. Archives Journal, 42(1) 15-31. Ashkhoj, J., Sugimoto, S., Nagamori, M. (2011). Preserving records in the cloud. Records Management J ournal, 21(3), 175-187. Castell, M. (1999). Information Technology, Globalization and Social Development. Web. Garrie, D. Chatelain, J. (2009). How to Implement Effective Electronic Archiving. Web. Geoffrey, E. (2004). Global business information technology: an integrated systems approach. New York: Pearson/Addison Wesley. Koontz, L. (2008). Information Management: Challenges in Implementing Records Archive: Congressional Testimony. New York: DIANE Publishing. Laha, A. (2011). On challenges and opportunities of designing integrated IT platforms for supporting knowledge works in organizations. The Journal of Decision Makers, 36(3), 21-46. Lin, L.S., Ramaiah, C.K., Wal, P.K. (2003). Problems in the preservation of electronic records. Library Review, 52(3), 117-125. Moghaddam, G.G. (2008). Preserving scientific electronic journals: A study of archiving initiatives. The Electronic Library, 26(1), 83-96. Philips, J.T. (2001). Should PDF be used for archiving electronic records? Informa tion Management Journal, 35(1), 60-63. Rosenau, J. N. Singh, J.P. (2002). Information Technologies and Global Politics. Web. Seadle, M. (2010). Archiving in the networked world: Interoperability. Library Hi Tech, 28(2), 189-194. Shailendra, P., Prashant, P., Ronald, Z. (2002). The Global issues of information technology management. New York: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Sprague, R.H. (1995). Electronic document management: challenges and opportunities for information systems managers. MIS Quarterly, 19(1), 29-49. Stamatiadis, D. (2005). Digital archiving in the pharmaceutical industry. The Information Management Journal, 39(4), 54-59. 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The 3 common misconceptions signs of the manipulative consciousness. Essay Example

The 3 common misconceptions signs of the manipulative consciousness. Essay Example The 3 common misconceptions signs of the manipulative consciousness. Essay The 3 common misconceptions signs of the manipulative consciousness. Essay When people say that you have complete control of your life, and that there is no fate, and that you alone decide what happens and so on.they get horribly confused in what is meant by that. A very large portion of people. Just like a large group of people seem to have no idea what is meant by equality and what is meant by we are all equal. In conclusion, you have all these people raving and flaring about how everyone is equal and there is no discrimination or segregation and all this other horribly far-fetched nonsense. When it is said that we are all equal, it is meant that in this particular country, we all technically have equal rights and opportunities. This by far, does not make anyone equal genetically, mentally, physically, or on any other level.When it is said that you have complete control of your life, it is meant that you have complete control of your life in relevance to what it is, or in relevance to how it was granted to you. If you were at the wheel of a 3-wheeled car, and you have access to the pedals, gas, break, wheel to turn the carthen yes, you are in complete control of the carwhich has 3 wheels. Regardless of how hard you may try to steer it accurately, you will only be able to reach the limit of what a 3 wheeled car grants you concerning mobility. It does not matter how much effort you put into it. When you are given the task to build a lego house out of blocks, you have complete control of how you build it, what you make of it, and how many and what blocks you use.out of the 10 blocks given to you, of 2 types of blocks, 5 of each type. What you do with those blocks, and how you do it, is up to you, it doesnt matter; but there is a severe limit on what your outcome will be. If you are born with no legs.yes, you have complete control of your life in relevance to the life youve been granted. You may want to choose to enter running in the Olympics all you want, but it wont happen, regardless of what you want or what you choose or how much effort you put into it.Fate? Luck? Predestination? Call it what you wish. The result is nevertheless the same, therefore never be fooled into thinking you have no limits in your life, or that you have completely unconditional control of your life or where it is heading.Every now and then I find people claiming that I try to act or make myself go dly, and all this other hogwash which I personally do not strive towards, nor do I show any signs from which this conclusion could be accurately made. But, instead, I do have an alternative proposition. First of all, relative superiority/inferiority exist; that is something humans condemned themselves towards a long time ago.Many [most] people in our society currently enjoy believing that superiority and inferiority dont exist. While technically they dont universally, in our society it once more couldnt be further from the truth.Our society creates favorable conditions for superiority and inferiority to exist, by setting a standard/norm, which automatically sets the ground zero target point from which to derive all its conclusions and relevance concerning everything that does not fall into the norm. Maybe if our society was a bit more individualistic, rather, housed more individuals than the homogenized mass it currently harbors, then there wouldnt be so much room for norm and stand ard, due to the extreme diversificationbut that is not the case. But, since our society cant get itself out of its damn mess, whats the next best thing it does? Tries to bring down and condemn any superiority.There are countless methods it uses in accomplishing this task. One sly manner in which it does this, has to do with personality and mental [disorders]. While I must admit many of these [disorders] do indeed hinder ones life and/or daily activities, as the terms would imply they do, on the other hand there are many which actually allow for ones growth to exceed that of those who do not have these [disorders].The other day someone showed me a personality disorder result from a test, telling me it matched me. It was a narcissistic personality disorder; and although for the most part it failed to provide legitimate characteristics that I hold, it did get me to think about these [disorders], the role many of them play, and one that I myself do indeed harbor [Obsessive compulsive pe rsonality disorder, not to be confused with obsessive compulsive disorder].To a natural animal, including most human beings, the concept of superiority is an attack; a beings primary natural purpose is to grow, gain and evolve at any expense, and the more superior an animal is in relevance to another animal, the more chances there are of its accomplishment of this task, even/especially in a case where it is an either/or scenario of the survival of either that animal, or its inferior rival. (Normally, all other animals are rivals, since it is technically an every man for himself style world out there, not considering many/most humans which are exceptions. [Or shall I say, conceal this truth often in very manipulative manners to justify their consciousness]).Having said that, of course our consciousness would feel threatened by this idea, and will be in an emotional distress, and our mind too will come to the logical deduction that for its survival it is necessary to either become sup erior, or remove all superiority around it.This is where some came up with ways to denounce those who are granted relative superiority in our society through certain anomalistic deviations from the standard mindset. This essentially is competent of fueling their [the people with these deviations from the standard mindset] perception, ambition, mindset, and awareness (as well as other concepts) beyond the norm/standards, which ultimately can grant one the capability to supersede the rest [or majority] into a state which can be considered a relative superiority. They [the people who denounce those who may have reached such a state] do this by calling these particular mental deviations [disorders], which is a negative implication, and negative often tends to trigger and coexist with the word inferiority, which essentially accomplishes this task.An example of a [disorder] such as this would be the obsessive compulsive personality disorder [OCPD]. It is very easy for me to elaborate exte nsively concerning this [disorder], since I am afflicted by it, and have been a good portion of my life, and am aware of what it has granted me.While it would be inaccurate to say that I have solely benefited from this [disorder], I will say that the benefits derived from it far outweigh the negative aspects. In short, OCPD tends to cause one to be perfectionist [to their relative standards of perfection of course], precise, neat, orderly, ambitious, and other minor details. Im sure everyone who is afflicted by it has their own unique variation of the [disorder].In my case, it has caused me to be a strong perfectionist, which causes me to create very high standards and expectations for completion of my tasks. It has also granted me very fierce senses of ambition, pride, confidence, and other minor details, which Ive used to manifest a strong amount of individuality within myself. Ive always felt like I could accomplish something as well or better than anyone else, regardless of what it is; it has allowed me to dwell into mindsets and thought patterns which most of the homogenized society never dream of entering; it has granted me the fierce motivation to realize my self and my grand goals, standards, and views of things.Motivation is a key aspect here. Lets take an example. Suppose, there are two twins. Both twins are identical physically, have the same intelligence, yet one has this disorder, and another doesnt. The twin with the disorder will be granted this strong motivation to live up to all these expectations and accomplish all these tasks, and further progress him/herself, while the other will simply choose to go with the flow, and attempt nothing extra ordinary. Ultimately, the twin with the disorder will become superior to the other twin, in relevance to the society around them. This is an undisputable sequence of logic.Society is like a big consciousness (Read part 2 about mind vs consciousness); which subconsciously/indirectly manipulates its own sel f for its own benefit. Just like consciousness manipulates itself by fabricating a multitude of denial scenarios and other sly ways to alleviate emotional stress, society too does the same in its own degrees respectively. When people label these mental deviations as disorders, the rest of the norm society accepts it without question; for why wouldnt they, when this is like allying with another faction to battle a common foe [superiority]. Therefore, this allows for a strong psychological hype to exist against questioning the legitimacy of these negative labels, since such an overwhelming majority accepts them, people take for granted that there must be good enough reason for it therefore.Well thenwhy do so many people misunderstand what is implied within these 3 statements You have complete control of your life; there is no fate, We are all equal, and Superiority/Inferiority dont exist? Very simple. It is because the misunderstandings sound much more favorable to emotional reasonin g, than their more disturbing truthful sides. What do I mean by emotional reasoning? Thats coming up next.Part 2 Mind vs. Consciousness; are they not the same?There are those in this world [a large portion of the population], which believe that their conscious thoughts are the unrefined product of their minds deductive/assessment processes. Couldnt be further from the truth.The mind and consciousness happen to be to very distinct aspects of ones self. Your mind is the natural, un-tampered, deductive mechanism which houses your instincts, intuition, assessment and rational contemplation processes, logical perception, as well as certain other concepts which all work together to allow one to survive and evolve, as an animal.Your consciousness, on the other hand, is a manifestation of sorts, from the humans flawed cerebral cortex within the brain; an evolutionary error, so to say. Your consciousness is what gives you your emotions, awareness, as well as your ability to affectionately/e motionally reason, as I call it, beyond your natural deductive mechanisms. In other words, it allows you to live with your feelings as some say, rather than through logic and thought.For those who need further elaboration, a natural deduction can be witnessed with any animal; if an animal steps on something which gives it pain, it will refrain from doing it again: Stepping on something = pain, therefore: Animal stepping on something = no pain. Affectionate reason, on the other hand, is what a human would do it would ponder as in why the action resulted in pain, how to avoid it next time by stepping there again, how the whole situation may be alleviated and so forth.The existence of this consciousness condemns us to being sensitive to emotions, as I have mentioned, which allows for a favorable environment where one can be unhappy, as well as happy. The existence of the consciousness also further allows for one to reason as to which events would cause one to be happy, and which woul d cause one to be unhappy, and therefore takes charge over influencing one concerning which events are experienced, and which arent, which thoughts/deductions are accepted and which arent, so as to refine life and the thought process into an unnatural [as well as often untruthful], clouded, refined static[non-dynamic] outcome.This can have many outcomes. A primary one is the fact that most people are hurled into overwhelming ignorance through this device, which hinders their perception and makes room for friction when associating with others, especially those capable of perceiving the truth behind this ignorant refinement. Allow me to explain. Suppose your mind, the natural deductive mechanism which does reach truth, and logically accurate conclusions through logic, comes up with a particular outcome concerning something. Now, the mind has accepted this to be truth. Butyour consciousness is what is awareand what can be called youtherefore, until that outcome the mind has come up wit h goes through your consciousness and is accepted thereit is irrelevant to you; in fact, you probably wont even be aware of the outcomes existence. Nowsuppose this outcome goes from the mind to the consciousness, and the consciousness, prone to emotional damage, does not accept this outcome, not because it is not true or accurate, but because it would cause emotional damagethen that outcome will simply be obsolete.Lets use an example. Suppose through rational/logical deduction, your mind reaches the conclusion that you are overweight, in relevance to your body height, age, and so on. This is often emotional harm, for the consciousness, therefore upon reaching the consciousness, and being assessed by the consciousness..the outcome is filtered, and made justifiable in relevance to your emotionally acceptable subjective perspective standards.This can be many things; suppose you drink a lot, and your mind is aware of that, and that you may be addicted or an alcoholic, but once that idea gets to your consciousness, your consciousness will filter that idea with emotions, and will influence you not to finish the bottles you drink, and leave a little left and put it back into the refrigerator. Afterwards, if the idea sent by the mind strikes your consciousness again, that you drink too much, your consciousness will make the deliberately false deduction that due to the non-decreasing amount of bottles in the refrigerator, there is no blunt sign that you have this drinking problem, therefore leaving the emotional environment unharmed, as well as temporarily pacifying any friction between itself and the mind.So then, back to the question in part 1 Why do people claim I try to act godly or superior and so forth? Very simple that is the result of their consciousness refinement of the truth that their mind concluded to. Lets take an example. Suppose I was superior in relevance to someone else in regards to diction or vocabulary, that persons mind would come to the truthfu l deduction that I am indeed superior to him/her regarding vocabulary or diction. Upon sending that conclusion to the consciousness, the consciousness would find that to be an emotionally disturbing factor, therefore it will distort the variables from Aha, so this person has better vocabulary and diction than me, into This person is trying to sound and act smart, because that would automatically justify the minds rational claims, as well as appeal to the emotional consciousness. Of course, it would be foolish to say that the person is usually aware of this whole process; on the contrary, many have no idea that this is what actually happens. Simply a conclusion Ive come to after a few incidents of this You try to act godly scenario, which I formerly had no answer to (Since I had no intentions of acting godly or superior, that could not have been an answer).An unfortunate paradox this is, which causes one to experience an internal struggle between mind and consciousness all their life ; another reason why this evolution is a flaw. And this appears all throughout life ones instincts [mind] tell one to strive for self gain and nothing but self gain, yet the emotional aspect of our society [consciousness] teaches us that self gain [or inconsiderate self gain, which practically all beings yearn for as a survival instinct, whether your consciousness allows you to accept it or not] is to be considered negative; therefore how can we abominations live? When the pinnacle of our existence rests among the scales of two opposing forces the mind and the consciousness. We are simply evolutionary heretics. The human being is a living dichotomy; a damnation onto itself and those around it. Oh well..I suppose even nature is susceptible to allowing a flaw or two to slip from its grasp every few million years.There will be two general types of audiences exposed to these writings those with sufficient perception and awareness to accept the revelations written here as the truths t hey are, and the truths that their minds accept them for, and those who are incompetent of dealing with emotional stress, whose consciousness overpowers the logical mind, and will manipulatively distort these words into incoherence, beyond the victims ability to overpower. Therefore, be you of audience A or audience B, ultimately your conclusions concerning what is written here will merely underline your current competence regarding the acknowledgement of truths, whether they be pleasant truths, or not.

Technology and the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technology and the Future - Essay Example The youngsters have been shown to have possessed a chip embedded into their brains. More than seventy percent of the human race is subjected with this ‘feed’. The feed may very well be referred to as a combination of the present day internet highly dominated by advertisements and interacting suggesting bodies. It is like a virtual network that governs the human mind and has taken over the stream of thoughts that arises into it. Every person’s feed is personalized in line with his stream of emptions and preferences. The liking and disliking of every individual is embedded into his feed and he is constantly being prompted by suggesting thoughts and directives from the feeds about promotional products and proposed actions alike. Whenever a thought is generated by the brain it is instantly taken over by the feed and flooded with suggestion regarding that thought from it. Thus, the feed in reality governs the entire individual. The reality of feed and its effect upon t he individual becomes known to the youngsters when they are on a visit to the moon when they are attacked by those running the anti-feed campaign. They hack the feeds of the individuals present there resulting in the disabling of the feeds for a couple of days. It is in those days that the actual essence of life becomes clear to the youngsters. The Earth has become a place where there is no presence of natural habitat. Water has exhausted and natural reproduction has ceased. The only reproduction that does exist is via in-vitro fertilization. The novel shows how the advancements in technology would change the shape of the human society entirely. Thus it may well be asserted that the change in the human society would be only by the virtue of the advancement in technology. The governing bodies behind the Feed have shaped the society by inculcating into the minds of youngsters what may seem suitable to them. PRESENT TECHNOLOGY The present day technology of Human Computer Interaction vi a Eye Tracking is at its initial phase. It is proposed that in the years to come the technology of eye tracking would be able to transmit all the proposed commands to a computing device only by a single glance. That is to say that, transmitting only one instance of a single eye glance input would transmit the final objective to the system. The user would not have to interact personally with each interface one by one in order to reach the final product. Only a single eye glance would fulfill all input requirements and would result in the desired output. WHAT IS EYE TRACKING? The efficiency of each computing system is highly dependent on its usability in accordance with the requirements of the human begins using it. Thus the more an interactive system is based upon user input, the better it becomes and the more useful it is for the stakeholders concerned with it. Human-Computer Interaction thus holds immense importance in the development and error checking of computing systems that ar e currently in use and also for the ones that are in the pipeline. There are a number of means through which inputs from user can be taken into account. One of these extensive ranges of methods is Eye-Tracking. INTRODUCTION TO EYE TRACKING Formally defining Eye-Tracking , â€Å"A research method that determines what part of an advertisement consumers look at, by tracking the pattern of their eye movements.† (Lake) Thus, eye tracking can be narrated as a means whereby the movements of a human eye are recorded while he is

Employee Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee Resourcing - Essay Example The modern corporate era is exhibiting a remarkable transformation for both the HR practitioners and the HR activities. These changes are both revolutionary and evolutionary. Today the managers are more informed and the HR specialists are expected to do some value addition keeping pace with the organizational sustainability and competitive advantage. The line managers on the other hand are expected to manage the human resource as well as the other resources of the organization. The precise role of HR functions within an organization and the distribution of HR activities and responsibilities have been influenced in the modern era, by the following contingency factors: Ownership, sector, size, tradition and stage of development of an organization The degree of dynamism in the competitive environment having the influence of political, economic, social, technological, international and legal factors as the external change agents for the organization The attitude of the senior management towards dealing with the employees The implementation of unitary, neo unitary or pluralistic practice to the employment relationship The reputation, competence and track record of HR job holders and the absence or existence of the capacity or skills to resource talent efficiently. The job of the HR personnel today, are effectively influenced by the strategy of the organization. Thus it can be concluded that, the ultimate work has remained the same today whereas the way of doing it has changed drastically (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2010, pp. 2-29). Answer 2- Today the changed way of doing jobs affects the relationship between the employer and employee to a large extent. The employees often get scared with the idea of losing job any day which is commonly known as the â€Å"here today gone tomorrow† concept, though it is possible to prove statistically that jobs in many sectors are greatly secured, still with the managerially developed necessity of change and adaptation, along with t he global recession of 2009, which has enormously transformed the employee’s perspective of job permanence. The employers constantly keep on encouraging the employees to enhance their personal skills in order to maintain employability. As a result the employees get much more loyal to their own capabilities and skills. According to Armstrong and Brown (2001) the managers should not underestimate the importance of pay as a means of attracting and retaining the employees as it is considered as a factor which if can prove to be damaging if handled casually. But to generate long-term dedication from the end of the employees, it is necessary to put proper focus the non-monetary benefits too. Thus the employer-employee relationship of the modern times involve a transactional psychological contract which means they are satisfied until they have got â€Å"something in it for them† and as soon as the â€Å"something† is removed, they would opt for an alternative option. T heir relationship is thus much more self-centered rather than familial (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2010, pp. 2-29). Answer 3- The changed work patterns of the present era showcases some basic trends which are- Easy acceptance of technological changes Strong prejudice regarding minority groups Willing to acquire a work-life balance greater than their previous generation Inclination towards strong ethical practices within the organization Influenced by a global viewpoint Intolerance towards tight and bureaucratic control system Easy dealing with job insecurity (Taylor, 2005, p.46) Answer 4- Generally the hiring decision of an employer is greatly affected by uncertainty as the productivity of the applicant cannot be measured directly. In such situation the employer gets interested in getting information that would serve as the ideal statistic for the applicant’s work potential. As per Spence (1973), â€Å"signals and indices are terms used to determine his assessment of an

Capital punishment the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital punishment the United States - Essay Example 36]. Other capital offenses include treason, aggravated rape, espionage, large scale drug trafficking and aggravated kidnapping among others. Capital punishment has been a subject of much debate in recent times. The reasons that form the basis of this debate are crosscutting and include moral, religious, practical, philosophical and emotional. Proponents of capital punishment argue that it acts as a deterrent to crime, purges dangerous criminals from the society and that it is definitely more economical to execute than to keep criminals in prison [Megivern, James J 93]. Opponents of capital punishment argue that it does not deter crime, cheapens human life and discriminates along racial and social lines [Lane, Brian and Wilfred Gregg 12]. Others have argued that killing a person for killing another is hypocritical since it brings the state to the same level as the criminal. However, previous research as well as the statistics on crime tends not to support the argument that capital punishment deters criminal activity. On the contrary studies have shown that incidences of homicide are lower in states that do not sanction capital punishment than those that do [Harries KD 22]. This paper examines the practice, the effects and whether or not capital punishment serves as a deterrent to crime. According to the SP file there have been about 15,000 capital punishment exec... The military courts executed 160 errant officers between 1930 and 1961. A massive mass execution occurred on December 1862 where 38 people were killed by hanging in Mankato, Minnesota. Out of the 38 states that sanction capital punishment, Texas has had the largest number of executions - 378 since 1979 to November 2006 [Amnesty International-1997 Executions]: The Federal government has reported less activity in regard to executions and has executed only 3 people for the last 27 years. The Legal Process Once an offender is convicted of a crime that qualifies for the death penalty, the legal course involves four stages: - 1. Sentencing - involves trial like proceeding where a jury decides on the appropriate sentence though it's the judge's discretion to make the final decision [Kerr, Norbert L. and Robert M 33-75]. 2. Direct review. After the sentencing stage the case moves to the direct review level. Here the process is similar to that of an appeal. This court evaluates the decision of the sentencing court to establish the validity of the judgment. If this court does not find fault with the previous judgment from the sentencing hearing, then it ratifies the judgment. If it does find fault then it can void the judgment and/or order a repeat haring. The decision by the court is considered final. 3. The Collateral review. This is the only way that a judgment by the direct review court can be upset. Most states have this form of review. The purpose of collateral review1 is to allow the defendant to dispute the previous decisions on grounds of previously unavailable evidence. 4. Federal habeas corpus. This is the fourth level and is the only exclusive way that a state capital defendant can challenge a death penalty in a Federal court. It exists for the